As two major mainstream energy storage batteries, lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries are widely used in various electrical scenarios. There are significant differences between the two in core dimensions such as performance, cost, environmental protection, and service life. Clarifying the advantages and disadvantages of the two is the key to selecting models according to different application scenarios and achieving efficient energy saving and cost control. With the development of new energy technology, lithium-ion batteries have gradually replaced lead-acid batteries with their outstanding performance advantages, but lead-acid batteries still occupy a place in specific scenarios with their low-cost advantages. The comparison between the two focuses on practicality, economy and environmental protection, adapting to the differentiated needs of different scenarios.

　　In terms of core performance, lithium-ion batteries have obvious advantages. In terms of energy density, lithium-ion batteries can reach 100-260Wh/kg, which is 2-5 times that of lead-acid batteries (30-50Wh/kg). Under the same capacity, lithium-ion batteries are smaller in volume and lighter in weight, greatly improving the portability of equipment, especially suitable for scenarios with high lightweight requirements such as new energy vehicles, portable equipment, and small energy storage; in terms of cycle life, lithium-ion batteries can reach 1000-5000 cycles, and some high-end products exceed 10000 cycles, while lead-acid batteries can only withstand 500-1200 cycles. Under long-term use, lithium-ion batteries have a lower replacement frequency and are more durable; in terms of charge and discharge efficiency, lithium-ion batteries have a charge and discharge efficiency of more than 90%, while lead-acid batteries are only 70%-80%, and lithium-ion batteries have no memory effect, no need for deliberate discharge, and are more convenient to use.

　　In terms of cost and environmental protection, the two show a complementary trend. The biggest advantage of lead-acid batteries is their low cost, mature production process, and the initial purchase cost is only 1/3-1/2 of that of lithium-ion batteries, which is suitable for scenarios with low performance requirements and pursuit of low cost, such as low-speed electric vehicles and backup power supplies; however, lead-acid batteries contain toxic and harmful substances such as lead and sulfuric acid, which will seriously pollute soil and water sources if not properly handled after disposal, with poor environmental protection and high maintenance costs, requiring regular water refilling and electrolyte concentration detection. Lithium-ion batteries have a higher initial purchase cost, but under long-term use, due to their long service life and simple maintenance, the comprehensive cost is more advantageous; moreover, they have no heavy metal pollution, can be recycled, which conforms to the concept of green environmental protection, and is suitable for scenarios with high environmental protection requirements. In addition, lithium-ion batteries have better low-temperature performance than lead-acid batteries, and can maintain good charge and discharge performance below -10℃, while the capacity of lead-acid batteries decreases sharply at low temperatures, and even cannot work normally. In general, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Reasonable selection according to scenario needs, cost budget and environmental protection requirements can maximize the use value of the battery.