As the core energy storage carrier of the new energy industry, the environmental impact of lithium-ion batteries runs through the entire life cycle, covering three key stages: production, use, and disposal. It not only has positive environmental protection value, but also hides unavoidable environmental risks. Scientifically understanding its environmental impact is an important prerequisite for promoting the green and sustainable development of the new energy industry. Compared with traditional fossil energy and lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries have significant environmental advantages in the use stage, but if the production and disposal links are not properly handled, they will cause multiple harms to the ecological environment.

　　The production link is one of the main sources of the environmental impact of lithium-ion batteries. Battery production requires a large amount of scarce precious metals such as cobalt, nickel, and lithium. Excessive mining will damage surface vegetation, cause soil desertification, and at the same time consume a huge amount of water resources and energy, increasing carbon emissions; in addition, pollutants such as electrolytes and electrode waste generated during the production process, if directly discharged without harmless treatment, will pollute soil and groundwater and threaten the balance of the ecosystem. However, with the upgrading of clean production technology, the environmental load of the production link can be effectively reduced through process optimization and waste recycling.

　　In the use stage, lithium-ion batteries basically have no exhaust gas or waste residue emissions, and can replace fuel equipment to reduce exhaust pollution, helping to achieve the "dual carbon" goal. Especially in fields such as new energy vehicles and energy storage power stations, they can greatly reduce the environmental pressure caused by fossil energy consumption. However, it should be noted that if the battery is damaged or leaks during use, the internal electrolyte will leak, causing local pollution to the surrounding environment. The disposal link is a key node of environmental risks. If waste lithium-ion batteries are randomly discarded or illegally disassembled, the internal precious metals and electrolytes will pollute soil and water sources for a long time, and even endanger human health. Standardized recycling and treatment can realize resource regeneration, reduce environmental hazards, and form a green cycle. In general, the environmental impact of lithium-ion batteries is dual. Through scientific control of production and standardized recycling of waste batteries, their environmental protection value can be maximized and environmental risks can be reduced.