Electric tricycles are widely used in urban and rural freight, field operations, short-distance transportation and other scenarios. With the advantages of strong bearing capacity, convenient operation and low operating costs, they have become core tools for grassroots people's livelihood and light transportation. The dynamic stability, load endurance and long-term service life of vehicles entirely depend on the health state of energy storage cells. The charge-discharge cycle is the basic unit of daily battery operation. Standardized cycle operation can stabilize the chemical activity of cells, balance the voltage of single cells and delay capacity attenuation. In contrast, irregular charge-discharge behavior is the main cause of battery virtual power, power attenuation and premature scrapping. Many users ignore cycle standards and use batteries in an extensive way for a long time, resulting in problems such as halved cruising range and insufficient load power within one or two years. Mastering standardized charge-discharge cycle procedures adapted to the heavy-load and high-frequency start-stop working characteristics of tricycles is the key to extending battery life and reducing vehicle costs.

　　A charge-discharge cycle is not a simple superposition of charging and discharging, but a complete closed-loop process of lithium ion deintercalation, migration and reset inside the cell. Each standard cycle represents a complete energy intake and release of the battery, and the number of cycles is also a core parameter to measure battery service life. At present, the lithium iron phosphate energy storage cells adapted to tricycles have a standard full cycle life of more than 3,000 times, and can operate stably for about eight years with standardized maintenance. However, irregular operations such as heavy-load rapid discharge, overvoltage fast charging and deep power deficit static storage in daily use will greatly damage the cell structure and reduce the actual cycle life to hundreds of times. Different from light-duty travel equipment, tricycles feature large load fluctuation and high discharge current, which require higher stability of charge-discharge cycles and stricter compliance with standardized operation rules.

　　Standardized discharge cycle is the primary link to protect cell structure and maintain battery health, with the core principle of avoiding deep discharge and instantaneous overload discharge. Most users have the wrong habit of charging only after the power is exhausted. Draining power until the vehicle shuts down forcibly will cause collapse of the cell negative electrode lattice, permanent deactivation of a large number of lithium ions, and irreversible capacity loss. In daily riding and operation, the optimal discharge range is 20% to 80% remaining power. Timely charging when the power drops to 20% can effectively avoid cell passivation damage. At the same time, the instantaneous discharge current will rise sharply when the tricycle is climbing with load or starting with full load. Frequent high-intensity discharge will cause a sharp increase in cell temperature, accelerated electrolyte decomposition, and unbalanced voltage difference of single cells. In daily operation, stable starting and uniform speed driving should be adopted to reduce operations such as rapid acceleration and long-time heavy-load climbing, so as to maintain a gentle discharge cycle state.

　　Standardized charging cycle is the core step to repair cell errors and balance battery pack status. The compliance of charging parameters and procedures directly determines the cycle quality. Charging must use original matched chargers throughout the process, follow the standard constant current and constant voltage charging logic, and avoid high-power fast charging and non-matching brand chargers. Unstable current and voltage of non-standard charging equipment will lead to unbalanced charging cycles, causing overcharging of some cells and insufficient charging of others. Long-term accumulation will aggravate cell performance differentiation. Daily conventional supplementary charging does not require full charging, and can be stopped at 80% to reduce the loss of cells under high-pressure saturation state. Full charging to 100% is only required for scenarios with high endurance demand such as long-distance freight and all-day operation, and the power should be cut off in time after full charging to avoid accelerated cell aging caused by increased internal side reactions due to long-term floating charging.

　　The complete calibration cycle is an important operation and maintenance method to repair battery virtual labels and correct power errors, which is recommended to be implemented once every two to three months. Long-term shallow charge and discharge will cause power statistics deviation of the battery management system, resulting in sudden power jump and falsely high cruising range. The standard calibration cycle process is standardized: first, discharge smoothly to about 15% remaining power without deep power deficit; then stand still for twenty minutes to fully stabilize cell temperature and voltage; next, conduct low-power standard continuous charging to full power, and continue floating charging for one hour to lock the benchmark data; finally, stand for thirty minutes to complete a single full calibration cycle. This process can effectively balance the state of the entire battery pack, correct system statistical errors, and restore the real capacity and cruising range of the battery.

　　Ambient temperature and idle cycle maintenance are key details to ensure stable charge-discharge cycles, as well as easily ignored maintenance points. Lithium battery cells are extremely sensitive to temperature. Charge-discharge cycles in high-temperature environments will accelerate electrolyte aging and increase risks of bulging and overheating; cell activity is greatly reduced in low-temperature environments, and forced high-current charge and discharge will cause lithium precipitation and permanent damage. Charging should avoid direct sunlight at noon in summer and be carried out in a ventilated room temperature environment in winter, and high-intensity operation cycles should be reduced in extreme weather. When the vehicle is idle for a long time, do not store it with full power or zero power. Keep a medium power level of about 50%, and complete a full charge-discharge cycle every two to three months to awaken cell activity and avoid cell dormancy and capacity attenuation caused by long-term static placement.

　　Adhering to standardized charge-discharge cycles for a long time can continuously stabilize the chemical state of cells, balance the voltage difference of the entire battery pack, greatly delay the speed of capacity attenuation, and maximize the rated cycle life of batteries. Abandoning bad habits such as deep discharge, overtime overcharging and heavy-load rapid discharge, combined with regular calibration cycles and temperature-adaptive maintenance, can not only ensure stable power output of tricycles during heavy-load and high-frequency operation, but also effectively extend the service life of batteries, reduce operation and maintenance costs of frequent battery replacement, and provide safe, durable and stable power guarantee for various urban and rural short-distance transportation and field operation scenarios.